How Morrison Satires On Urban Life In “Jazz”? The true genius of satire lies in exposing the follies, foibles, shortcomings, absurdities, weaknesses, drawbacks, vices of lust, avarice, greed, envy, etc. of the people in a very light and humorous manner. A satirist does point out these vices in order to reform the people involved in these vices. That’s why a true satirist is also regarded as a great reformist. So, we see that the great function and purpose of a satirical work is to amend the behavior of others and to eliminate the prevailing vices among the people of a society. It is rightly acknowledged that a satire is a strong weapon in the hand of the writer.

As far as the matter of the satire of Toni Morrison is considered, she uses this device in almost all her novels paradise”, “The Bluest Eye ”, ”Sula “,Beloved” and “Jazz”. 

There are many satirical elements in the novel “Jazz” and these can be categorically pointed out. She has presented a sexual and sensuous nature of Joe in the novel and through this sensuous nature of Joe, she satrizes the unfair sexual relations of old man with the young teenaged girls of her time. These illegal and unfair relations of men with the young girls were also used to spoil the mutual marital relations between husbands and wives of Morrison’s age.

As it happened in the conjugal life of Joe and Violet. Joe Trace is a quite old man but he has a love affair with a young girl. He is even not satisfied with his wife Violet and says to her that he loves a young girl who “lighten his (his) life a little with a good lady”. The result of these unfair and illegal love affairs was always in disasters of the lives of both. Same thing happened as a result of Joe Dorcas’ affair. Joe shot Dorcas dead when she told him that she had changed her mind and her new boyfriend was Acton. The foolish behavior of Violet is very badly satirized by Morrison.

Being an emotionally unstable, she wants to build a family which is as humorous as it is pathetic and doomed. Her foolish act is also shown in her act of kidnapping a baby named Philly but fails to execute it. She becomes jealous after knowing Joe’s love for a young girl named Dorcas and becomes great foe to both. After the death of Dorcas, she brings her picture from her aunt Alice Manfred and decorates the picture in a silver frame. This very foolish act not only troubles her but. also her husband Joe.

The affectation, pretension and hypocrisy of Malvonne are openly condemned and satirized by Morrison in the novel. She was in the habit of interfering in her neighbor’s life. Her apartment was used as a “Love Nest” for Joe Trace and Dorcas. Malvonne played a key role in developing and strengthening the unfair relations between Joe and Dorcas.

At one occasion in the novel, Malvonne says to Joe about Violet “No point in picking the apple it you don’t want to see how it tastes, how does it taste Joe”. She produced the germs of dislikeness of Violet in Joe. Through the satirical portrait of Malvonne, Morrison satirizes the undue and needless interference of one neighbor in the lives of other neighbours. This needless interference often destroyed the peaceful and loveful conjugal lives of many married couples in Morrison’s time.

Moreover, her act of showing false affection and sympathy with Violet is also satirized by Morrison. It is an irony of the fact that on one hand, she turns Joe against Violet by saying degrading remarks against Violet but on the other hand she shows false affection and sympathy with Violet by saying that she is the most innocent woman of the world that deserves her sympathy after the death of Dorcas. In this way, Morrison satirizes the false affection and fake sympathies of the ladies of her time.

Another satirical element is observed in the portrayal of Alice Manfred, the aunt of Dorcas. She was in the habit of showing a very queer behavior in her daily routine matters. On one hand, she wants to prove her to be very disciplined, strict and punctual in her rules and regulations but one the other hand, we see that she instructs her sixteen years old niece to be “Deaf and Blind” and always tries to frighten her by the fear of doom on the day of judgement and by the fear of “The Beast”.

In this satirical portrait, we see the hypocrisy, insensibility and fake nature of the ladies of Morrison’s age. In addition to all these satirical portraits, Morrison continues satirizing on the whole community of the white. The whitenen think themselves to be superior to all humanity. Morrison points out and exposes the inner cruelties, vanity, hypocrisy and false pride lying under the surface of their white skin. She has presented many scenes of their cruelty and atrocities in the novel. The white men of her time were exploiting the basic rights of other communities. The Dorcas house was burnt by the whitemen whereas her mother was alive in the house. Violet’s house was sold on heavy interest and her mother committed suicide on the basis of this degradation.

Toni Morrison also highlights the problem of “identification” in the novel. This problem originated as a result of unfair relations of the white and black. In Morrison’s time, whitemen used to have unfair love affairs with their slave black women. They begot children as a result of their intercourses. This very practice created a problem of identity among the born children who often remained in finding their true parental identification.

Most of the time of their life, they remained in solving the dilemma whether they were the children of the white or the black or in which race they were connected. The characters of Golden Grey and Joe are the best examples in this regard because they are absolutely unidentified from their birth. When both are grown up and become sensible, they start searching their birth sources. In this way, the story of Jazz circles round their struggle to reach their creators.

To conclude this above mentioned topic of pointing out the satirical elements in the novel, we can say in the final analysis that there are many satirical interpretations which present the true moral collapse of the society of Morrison’s time. Morrison satirizes and condemns the unfair social relationship of men severely and forcefully. White’s superiority of color and race is satirized time and again. The i black race is badly exploited and devalued for the sack of its black skin by the white race. The white men never thought that the color of their blood was the same. They were also not of the view of giving equal and due respect to everybody without considering the color or race.

It is below the code of ethics that man’s color is given more importance than man himself, Morrison negates all such kind baseless and worthless codes of life. She is of the view that inner beauty should be given more value and regard than outer beauty. Like Conrad and P. Scott, Morrison presents in her novel how superior people exploit the inferior people. In brief, there is no doubt in saying the fact that among all other novelists, Morrison has her own unique, singular and distinguished place in depicting the viewpoints of racism and color. Throughout in her life, she herself remained a great supporter of the movement launched for the rights of the black people. 

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Discuss Significance Of Title Of The Play “The Crucible”By Miller. Symbolism is used as a technique of using objects, characters, figures or colours to present ideas or concepts. He also defines the husband wife relation symbolical. Modern as well as old English dramatists, novelists and poets have used it lavishly to present their thoughts, concepts and ideas in an objective, or figurative way. They used this technique in order to highlight or uplift the appeal of the subject matters of their writings and literary works.

A deep study of The Crucible proves it as a symbolic play. Miller has used many symbols in his drama in order to present his ideas and concepts in an appealing manner. He also Discuss Significance Of Title Of The Play “The Crucible”. As it is known by the world that in the 1950’s, the atmosphere of communism was prevailing all over the world and the U.S.A. was playing its significant role in this respect. Being the product of the 1947 century, Miller clearly and openly depicted the McCarthyism of the early 1950’s. There is no doubt in dubbing this play as an indictment of the McCarthyism.

Actually, McCarthy was a senator who was much affected by the influence of McCarthyism and ultimately Formed a movement against the communism during the first years of the cold war between two Superpowers. Miller is rightly acknowledged and said as the greatest champion of the communist movement. He is famous for his red ideas. He favoured those revolutionary ideas which were led by McCarthy, especially congressional committees conducted highly controversial investigations; intended to root out communist sympathizers in the U.S.A.

As with the alleged witches of Salem, suspected communists were encouraged to confess and to identify Other Red sympathizers as means of escaping punishment. Witch craft can be rightly regarded as the symbol of this same tendency in “The Crucible”.

In that era, people of English society started realizing that they might be condemned as communists regardless of their innocence. In order to save themselves from the punishments, people made false confessions. The illegality and injustice of the court are rightly exposed when accused are bound or compelled to make false confessions. The proceedings of the court rightly show the fact that innocent people are executed and hanged in the allegation of witchcraft that is totally a metaphysical and unseen activity.

One finds many similarities between McCarthyism and Salem witch trials. There is no doubt in saying that in the Salem witch trials, Rebecca and Procter are the martyrs of communism because they have been victimized by McCarthyism.

As far as the title of the play is concerned, it is a highly symbolic one. The crucible itself means a melting pot in which metals are melted to remove their impurities and to get them pure. Ultimately these metals become stag free. Symbolically speaking we can say that the same thing is happened in this play. Here we see that impure persons are put to trial. and purgatory thoroughly by the punishments of both metal and physical level.

In this drama, Miller discuss Significance Of Title and court as the crucible where the impurities of communism are removed. Witchcraft symbolizes as communistic thoughts and concepts.

Proctor is the only personality in the drama who is absolutely upright, honest and blunt and hence he becomes the spokesman of independent ideas but he is guilty of adultery with Abigail on the other hand. It becomes very clear from his admittance that his repentance has been started as he admits before Abigail:

“I’ll cut off my hand before 

I’ll ever reach you again”.

It is witchcraft which gives him an opportunity to confess his secret guilt openly and publicly and he does so. He finds the best use of chance happening but even then he retreats finding the confession: mere ritual not real one, because the court authorities want to use his name to make Rebecca and others to confess. He embraces death but remains unyielding and does not like to be a club in the hands of others to whip innocent.

Their marital relation also shown in this drama. There is no doubt in saying that Elizabeth is rightly a cold wife but unfortunately the trial acts as a purgatory for her and she recognizes her faults saying to Proctor in the following words:

“I have read my heart this three months, John. I have sins of my own to count. It needs a cold wife to prompt trechery?.

Rebcca too shares this solemnization when he utters: 

“Let you fear nothing! Another judgement waits us all!”.

It is rightly observed in the whole course of the play that all the characters in the drama are purified by “Witch trails” as gold in the fire. Perhaps they were of the belief that “Witch trials” might convert them to angels. The “Witch hunt” has always different effects on other characters. In Abigail’s case, it has adverse effects and her sins are exposed openly and publicly.

As a result, she becomes a villain or Devil through the trial. She becomes so vindictive villain and lusty lecherous girl who uses this “hunt” as a means to wreck whore’s vengeance upon Elizabeth. At one stage, she becomes so degraded that she even drinks the blood of a cock as a charm to kill Elizabeth who is the wife of her old lover.

In the very starting scene of the play we see that as the play begins in Parris’ room where a candle is burning and there is no darkness. Actually this artificial light of the candle. symbolises or objectifies Parris’ love for worldliness in preference to solar light which is a natural light and is a symbol of light of religion. So, we see that his light serves as Parris aloofness from religion.

To conclude this above mentioned discussion, we can say vehemently and forcefully that “The Crucible” is not rich with imagery and symbolism and its symbolism is little one but no doubt a charming one. There are only two major symbols of “The Crucible” and only “The Witch trial” dominate the whole of the inner play. The misuse of authority has rightly been rebuked by the inner injustices and illegalities of the court. As it is also acknowledged by some critics that this play is about the corruption which is inherent in a man and the author is successful in presenting this idea through discuss Significance Of Title “The Crucible”. As Miller rightly writes at one occasion:

“It is a providence, and no great change, we are only what we always were, but naked now.”

There is no abundance of symbolic touches in the play because Miller believes in quality and not in quantity. These two major symbols are enough to expose the inner workings as well as the nakedness of the characters openly and vividly.

Important Themes Of Sylvia Plath’s Poetry. As we have a deep analysis of Sylvia Plath’s poetry, we come to know that she is a poetess of electrically charged perceptions and uniquely amplified imaginations. Her poetic thoughts and ideas are complex and difficult to understand for an average reader. Her poetic style is also Perplexing and disturbing.

That’s why it becomes hard for the Caders to derive the exact meanings of her poems. As it is said that the influence of personal experiences of life always affects one’s poetic imagination and vision, so, same is the case with Plath’s poetry. Her poetry is a wonderful manifestation of her life experiences. The glimpses of her personal life experiences are very much evident in her poems, as “Ariel”, “Morning Song”, “The Bee Meeting” etc.

Whatever happened or felt for life by her, she honestly revealed in her poems. That’s why, it is rightly said that she has very honestly revealed her feelings, thoughts and even her sufferings in her poetry. She reveals all these by using different metaphors, similes and images. She started writing from the very early age of her life. She was the girl of many great wishes, desires, ambitions but all these were disturbed or frustrated by her hardships and worries of her bachelor life as well as her married life. Her family life was not satisfactory and happy.

There is no doubt in saying that she spent a life full of depression, despair, enigma and isolation. Her poetry is rightly considered to be the revealer of all her these passions because she has presented these passions as the themes of her poems.

Her imaginative approaches of mind could be tallied with those of her mother and husband. Her relations with her mother and husband remained enigmatic. The betrayal of her husband caused her isolated life which resulted as her poetry to be tinged into a melancholic tone. It was her habit that she never-used to tell her feelings and ideas to anyone; not even to her husband rather to let them flow out through her pen.

As it is rightly acknowledged that she was an electrified intellectual, she had a god gifted ability of converting her raw material into the concentrated final form. Once she determined to write down on any of her erupting ideas or emotion, it seemed unstoppable to check her natural erupting force of her Poetic vision. That’s why, she always wrote with a terrific spirit of intellect and swiftness.

She tried to verify her inner desires of living a pleasant and romantic life by serving her husband in order to get pure and sincere love from her husband in return. She has presented her little desires of being a fortunate person with a life replete with hope, love and affection. Being a poet of the modern era, she has always had modern thoughts and did not want to lead her life in mental restriction and limitations. She herself was a lover of freedom and always wanted to live in a life of full liberty. She has presented different pitiful aspects and events of her life in her different poems.

In her famous poem, she presents a miserable picture of her deserted life and her unsuccessful relations with her relatives and society. This poem presents the downfall of her soul and the destruction of her hope, dreams and pleasures. Similarly, her another poem “Morning Song” presents her unfulfilled desire of being pampered and beloved child of her parents. In addition to it, she has also presented the theme of marriage in this poem.

She wants to say that marriage is the bond of two levels of human personality-one is physical and second is spiritual. She is of the view that fidelity is a basic passion of marriage but unfortunately she could never get this passion from her husband. Her husband Ted Hughes proved to be faithless to her, and fell in love affair with Assia Wevill. This behavior of infidelity caused of a great shock and depression for her mentally and physically. She has very beautifully depicted such kind of brutal behavior and mental torture of men to women in her poem “Morning Song” she considers her society as a man dominating society in which women suffer from miseries, troubles, misfortunes and deteriorating conditions, created by men. It is very worthy to note here that she feels herself to be a victim of male-society She rightly utters as;

“Every woman:adores a fascist, 

The boot in the face, the brute 

Brute heart of a brute like you”

In her another poem “The Bee Meeting”, we see that he expresses her feelîngs of loneliness, isolation and death Fars Here she symbolizes: herself with a bee. She thinks ñerself a such miserable creature whom nobody loves and cares about. She describes her condition in such words:

“I am nude as a chicken neck, does nobody love me? In addition to this, she has also presented the themes of death, decay, destruction and despair in this poem. However, the most significant and outstanding theme is of dehumanization. After – observing and analyzing her relations with others. human beings, she regrets over the destruction of humanity during World War II. Talking about the theme of death, she says that she is afraid of death.

In Spite of her death fear, she has expressed this fear by her own pen in many of his poems. In her autobiographical novel The Bell Jar, we see that from her “age of 12 to the days before her death, she has described her life going towards death..

To conclude this above mentioned topic of the characteristics of her poetry, we can say in the concluding remarks that most of her poems show her different moods of isolation, loneliness, fear of death and destructive aspects of her life. There is no doubt in saying that she spent an isolated life which was deprived of loveful charms of relationships, pleasures of childhood, freedom of thoughts and prosperous married life. All these elements of her deprived life became the themes of her poetry. She wanted to love and to be loved.

Similarly, she wanted to show her sympathy for others and Wanted to be sympathized. Unfortunately her dreams never came true and her depressed feelings got relief through her poetry. Talking about her fate, she herself says in the following words:

“It is as my life were magically run by two electric currents: joyous positive and despairing negative, whichever is running at the moment dominates my life and floods it. I am now flooded with despair, almost hysteria as’ if I were smothering. As if a great muscular owl is sitting on my chest, its talons clenching and constricting my heart”.

In brief, we can say that her life was full of lack of parental love, betrayal of husband’s love, enigma, hatred, despair, pessimism, sexual frustration, etc, which ultimately led her to commit suicide in order to set free from all these itching and ills of life. Her great collection of poems was published by her husband Ted Hughes after her death and won the Pulitzer prize.

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Robert Jordan As A Typical Hemingway Hero In ” For Whom The Bell Tolls”. Hemingway’s heroes have their own brand of uniqueness in their characterization. They are not less than Shakespeare heroes in their unique traits of heroism. His heroes are successful in their presentation of action and adopt themselves as the action follows or proceeds. That’s why, most of the critics dub Hemingway as a successful writer of tragic heroes. The element of pessimism is very much evident in it. He creates his own fiction style in his writing.

Hemingway’ writings because his heroes often fail in their struggle and get nothing in the end. Santiago in The Old man and the Sea, Romero in The Sun also Rises and Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls can be best quoted in this regard.

A tragic hero in the play or novel is that person who achieves greatness at the cost of himself. As it is known that the tragic death of a hero turns a play or novel into a tragedy and it is the death of the hero which mounts the appeal of the tragedy. The hero intentionally does everything for the good of the public and it is his death for the fulfillment of his mission which fills the hearts of the readers, with sympathy and respect. The greatness of the tragedy depends on the bigness of the goal of the hero. In other words, it means to say that the bigger the goal of the hero the higher the tragedy.

In For Whom the Bell Tolls, we see that Robert Jordan plays a role of such character who fights for an ideal in a foreign land. He has a firm belief in the Republican cause because he loves Spain. He is of the views that if there establishes a government of fascists in Spain then the future of this country will be in danger and the country might be spoiled. Moreover, he thinks that in spite of all its flaws a republican form of Govt. It is better than a totalitarian state because an individual feels cramped and suffocated under fascism.

This novel has been written in order to test the quality of Jordan’s idealism and the chain of obstacles in his path forms the basic structure of the novel. As the action of the novel proceeds, Jordan’s task gets more and more complicated. Pablo is absolutely against Jordan’s plan. He takes it impossible to put into practice because it means the destruction of the land. Hemingway’s heroes are always brave in their acts. Jordan is brave enough that he even does not feel fear in his great risky task of blowing up the bridge.

The reason being, Hemingway’s heroes always like to face risks like Santiago in The Old man and the Sea, Jake Barnes in The Sun Also Rises, Frederic Henry in A Farewell to Arms and Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls.

Jordan is such a character who does not give any importance to what happens to himself. He accepts the risky task of blowing up the bridge with an open heart and never shows any sign of cowardice. Though General Golz warns him about the difficulty of the assignment yet he gives a promise to complete it within the limit of time.  In spit of creating obstacles by Pablo, he balances Pablo’s hostility by Pilar’s support. It was being assumed by some critics that Jordan’s falling in love with Maria might become a threat or obstacle in fulfilling his mission. In spite of this, he does not care and we see with the passage of time that it is his love for Maria which enhances his zest. He keeps the two roles that of lover and that of a dynamiter apart, though towards the end of the play, they merge into one another.

Some critics raise objections by saying that sometimes, Jordan appears like a dummy but Hemingway makes him a convincing and imitable personality by his superb art of characterization. So, their objection does not remain for a long time when we see that it is Jordan who fights against many abstractions: liberty, equality, rights of the people, democracy and atrocities of the fascists.

In fact, he is a religiously zealous who fights for a secular ideal. A prominent critic has very rightly said, “He dies for the American dream”. He sacrifices for all the poor people in the world. There is no doubt in saying the fact that his ideals are worth imitating for the people of the rest of the world. He fights for those ideals which are practicable for most of the sensible persons.

Some critics might term it as a flaw in his character that his love for Maria is a weakness in his character. But it is very convincing by his weakness as a human being. His love for Maria is pure and genuine because he loves her by the cores of his heart unlike a boozer or a womaniser. He wants to remain in her heart forever. He tells his philosophy of love to Pilar that he loves the good things of life and he will die only if it is a necessity. It is his love for Maria which makes him more zealous and enthusiastic in his mission. He is well aware of the sufferings of the Spanish people in a civil war. It is Maria’s rape by fascists which compels him to ‘teach a lesson to fascists by blowing up the important bridge. He takes Elsardo’s death as a serious one which reminds him of all other such deaths. By thinking so, he deeply becomes sad and gloomy.

It is worthy to note here that the influence of his father’s profession is very much in his life. His father was a guerrilla in the American civil war, as he is in the Spanish. Just like an ordinary human being, he is totally dominated by Maria’s love. Here we should not forget that he is an ordinary human being and not a supernatural creature or perfect human being. He has a lot of weak points like ordinary and commonplace human beings. He is an American volunteer who fights for the genuine cause of humanity and feels this crusade in his blood and soul. Being a dutiful, he loves Spain. He remained there when the civil war broke up. He joined the war inorder to contribute his service for the welfare of the country.

He is an anti fascist and does not like to give himself any other political label because he only feels proud of being anti-fascist. He loves Spanish people and learns their language in order to teach this language to them as an instructor in Spanish at a small college in America.

In addition to Jordan’s love for Spanish people and their language, Hemingway also shows his love for Spain and its sports especially bull-fighting in his another novel The Sun Also Rises. The Russian General Golz has full confidence in him and regards him as a very high dynamite. That’s why, he assigns him the toughest task of blowing up the bridge within a limited time. Jordan accepts it as a challenge by his open hearts. He carries out the task and justifies the faith placed in him. He is of the views that life is dear but dear than life is the need for the justification of his courage.

One of the best traits of his personality is that he is not : an ordinary hero like other heroes of Hemingway but a complicated one. His complicated nature of psychological vacuum is filled by the dream like love of Maria. He is not a coward like his father who committed suicide. That’s why he idealizes his grandfather more than his own father.

There is no doubt in saying that he becomes a new man after the arrival of Maria in his love and he starts living only for Maria’s sake but it does not mean that his sense of Dutifulness eclipses at any cost. His love for Maria and his risky mission of blowing up the bridge becomes one because fascists have now become his personal revenge for him as they rape his sweetheart. This very thinking of him leads him further to his fight for Republicans and Republic Spain and Maria becomes one for him.

Summing up the above mentioned discussion of the characteristics of Jordan as a tragic hero, we can say in the concluding remarks that at the end; his loyalty becomes personal loyalty and he is just a husband covering the retreat of his wife whom he loves by the cores of his heart. He sacrifices his life for Maria and her people i.e., Pablo and his land. He is justified in his act of sacrifice because his idealism is worth imitating and practicable for many others.

What Is The Role Of Fate In “Mourning Becomes Electra”? When the play opens, we see that Ezra Mannon’s wife named Christine is in unfair and illegal relations with captain Adam. Lavinia is in trouble and goes to New York and her mother also goes behind to search her; falsely telling her that she is going there in order to look after her sick father. Her doubt is confirmed that Lavinia and captain Peter are in love with one another.

On the other hand, Peter’s sister Hazel is in love with Lavinia’s brother. When Lavinia observes the wrong-doings of the mother, she becomes against love and refuses to marry with Peter. Seth, who is the gardener of Mannon, informs Lavinia about her mother’s activities. He further tells her that Adam resembles with Lavinia’s father, brother and grandfather. Actually, Adam’s history is this that Lavinia’s grandfather had a brother named as David who once made a nurse pregnant and then ultimately he had to marry with her. On his this misdeed, he had to be expelled from the house. It was Adam who was born as a result of the illegal pregnancy.

In order to wipe off doubt on herself, Christine provokes Adam to fall in love with Lavinia. But Lavinia rejects her by saying a child of whore. In the reaction of his insult of rejection, Adam tells Lavinia that when her grandfather expelled his parents from the house, his father committed suicide and his mother led a very tight and tough life of poverty and as a result she also died. Further, Adam tells her that he has determined to take revenge against Ezra for the past cruelties on his family.

Now, Lavinia asks her mother about this but her mother refutes all this by saying that she had once seen them embracing to one another in New York. Christine agrees to Lavinia at last and tells her that now she hates Ezra. As Orin joins the Army, Lavinia starts falling in love with Adam. Lavinia also tells Adam’s decision of taking revenge against Ezra to Christine but she does not care for it.

As Lavinia threatens of disclosing the secret but Christine gets her recalled that she herself has been in love with Adam and now, she wants to take her place of her: After their mutual discussion, Christine decides that she will never meet Adam. Now, Adam and Christine decide to kill Ezra. Adam makes a plan that he will supply: poison to Christine and she will replace the pills of heart trouble with the pills of poison.

Ezra arrives back and tells the stories of war. He tells further that Orin is injured now and is remembering his mother in sickness. He starts making love with Christine but she does not take interest and shows cold behaviour. There raise some doubts and objections between both and they also start exchanging hot words with one another. Christine confesses that she wants Adami. It shocks Ezra very much and he starts feeling pain in his heart upon which he seeks the medicine of heart trouble from Christine. Christine gives poisonous medicine to him and he dies after taking it.

Lavinia starts doubting that her mother has made her father died with the support of her beloved. Orin arrives back and feels great sorrow on the death of his father. Christine tells Orin that Lavinia blames of killing Ezra on her and wants to get her arrested by the police. Now, Orin gets Christine believed by saying that he will not let Lavinia do so. Further, he also declares that if Adam’s scandal is true then he will not forgive Adam. After listening all this, Christine becomes frightened. Lavinia tells Orin how Christine has killed her father by the help of her lover Adam.

Adam and Christine meet with one another on the ship at East Boston. Lavinia watches both kissing one another on the spot. In the meanwhile, Orin also watches their illegal relations and he kills Adam. Christine also shoots herself with the pistol of Ezra. Just after one year, Mannon’s house seems to-be a house of ghosts and both brother and sister leave for New York.

One day, Orin is writing something in his father’s room Lavinia arrives there and Orin starts hiding his writing from her sister. Lavinia insists Orin by saying that he is sinless, and he should never think himself as a murderer and. also forget his past deeds. She further insists him that he should remain happy by marrying with Hazel. Hazel and Peter arrive on the scene and Hazel wants Orin to take her house with the willingness of her mother because she thinks that Lavinia has arrested Orin here. Peter also supports this by saying that unless both brother Orin and sister Lavinia are not separated from one another how can he marry Lavinia.

The written documents of Orin are given to Hazel and she is also instructed that Peter should read this bundle of documents before one day of the marriage of Lavinia and Peter. Lavinia also tells him that Lavinia has told, whole the story to her and Orin is not the reason of cause of suicide of his mother.

Now, Orin implores or requests Hazel to take him somewhere else but Lavinia protests against it. Lavinia watches Hazel hiding something and Orin tells that he (Orin) has written these papers or documents in previous days. Lavinia asks Hazel to give these documents to him but she refuses to give these papers. Lavinia requests Orin by saying that she will obey his every order or command if he hands the documents over to her. Orin agrees on it but Hazel departs them in disappointment. Orin also takes an oath from Lavinia that she will never meet Peter again and will also leave him forever.

Orin’s conscience always pricks him about his past guilt while Lavinia always insists on him by saying that whatever had been done with his mother was absolutely accidental. Both start quarrelling and exchanging hot words with one another and Lavinia tells Orin that she hates him.

Further, she says that she should die now. Peter also arrives there. Orin goes for studying books in the room. Lavinia insists Peter for marrying hastily. There comes out a voice of firing from the room and it is known that Orin has committed suicide. Lavinia starts repenting and hides the pistol. Lavinia decorates every room of the house with flowers on Orin’s funeral. Hazel also comes there and quarrels with Lavinia and says that she will not let her marriage be happened with Peter happily. She also points out by saying that Orin has committed suicide on the behalf of Lavinia. Hazel leaves and Peter arrives on the scene and decides of marrying soon.

Lavinia agrees to hold marriage function on the eve of funeral but Peter does not concede or agree. He also starts doubting the fearlessness of Lavinia by thinking that Orin has certainly written something of secrets and mysteries in the documents. Lavinia assures him that there has not been written: anything of such kind. She also starts kissing and loving Peter by circling her arms around him and says:

“What me, take me, Adam.”,

Then she also feels that she has uttered a false name. By thinking that he is not fit for love, she says to Peter that she will not marry him.

Now Peter’s belief becomes more strong and firm that in Hazel’s, and in his mother’s opinion, she has already done so with many men. He thinks that both Hazel and her mother are right in their views about Lavinia. By thinking so, Peter leaves the place and Lavinia remains shouting and saying that all this is absolutely wrong.These all things also present as symbolical meanings in novel. In the end, Lavinia determines that she will not commit suicide like her mother and brother but continuing living with the men in the same house and punish herself on the long run.