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British History For CSS And PMS

By
AQ Team (Hate War Love Peace)
-
950
British-History-For-CSS And PMS

British History is an optional Subject gives the knowledge about the All Resolutions,Wars, colonies and all aspects of nation surviving.

Contents

(ACCORDING TO THE FPSC)

                         British History Part –I (Marks 50)

  • The Glorious Revolution (1688)
  • Causes, and Results
  • William III and Mary II (1689-1702)
  • Sovereign Anne (1702-1714)
  • Hanoverian Era (1714-1790)
  • Jacobite Rebellions (1715 and 1745)
  • Robert Walpole and Whig Oligarchy
  • American War of Independence (1776)
  • The Union of England and Scotland
  • Association of England and Ireland
  • The Old Colonial framework
  • The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
  • Causes
  • England and Napoleonic Wars
  • Effect on Britain
  • Modern and Agricultural Revolution
  • Causes
  • Impacts on Political and Social Life of Britain
  • Gathering Politics
  • The Methodist Movement
  • Communism
  • Progressivism
  • Colonization
  • Chartist Movement
  • VIII.Robert Peel and return of Torres
  • Inward arrangements
  • Irish Problem
  • Victorian Era (1837-1901)
  • Inward Reforms
  • Dissidents
  • International strategy Disraeli,
  • Gladstone, and Problems in Ireland
  • Great Britain and Free Trade
  • X. Edwardian Era (1901-1910)
  • Household and Foreign Policies (1901-1910)
  • The Origins of Labor Party XI. England,
  • World War I and its Aftermath Causes
  • England and Peace settlement
  • Impacts of War on Britain
  • Group of Nations
  • The Great Depression
  • Submission and Rearmament

Part –II (Marks 50)

  • XII. England, World War II, and its Aftermath
  • Causes and occasions
  • Churchill, War Conferences
  • Production of U.N.O
  • Impacts of war
  • Changes of the Labor Government
  • XIII.Great Britain and the Cold War
  • Production of Common Wealth
  • NATO
  • Decolonization of the British Empire
  • Inside Policies and EEC
  • International strategy
  • XIV. Thatcherism to Cameron (1979-2012)
  • Inside Policy Society and culturl
  • International strategy
  • Falkland War
  • John Major and his Policies
  • European Common Market and Great Britain
  • Arrangement of the EU Tony Blair “New Labor” Economic Crunch
  • War on Terror and his Policies
  • Worldwide Financial Crisis 2008 and Great Britain
  • Changes under Cameron

         SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR THIS SUBJECT

S.No. Title Author
1.The Conservative Party from Peel to ThatcherBlake, Robert, 1985
2.A New History of England, 410-1975.Oxford, New York,
Pergamum Press, 1968.
3.Trends in Britain Politics since 1945Cook, Chris, and John
Ramsden eds. 1978
4.The Hanoverians, 1714-1815Green, V.H. 1976
5.The People’s Peace: British History 1945-1990Morgan, Kenneth O,1992
6.Textbook of Modern English History 1714-1960Southgate, G.W.A, 1961
7.English History, 1914-1945Taylor, A.J.P. 1965
8.Europe Since NapoleonThompson, David.1983
9.English Social HistoryTrevelyan, G.M.
10.Britain and the Empire.L.J. Butler.
11.Democracy: Great Britain 1815—1914Bentley, Michael
12.England in the Eighteenth CenturySelley, W.T.
13.History of BritainCarter, E.H.
14.Mastering Modern British HistoryNorman Lowe
15.The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848—1918Taylor, A.J.P.

Agriculture And Forestry For CSS And PMS

By
AQ Team (Hate War Love Peace)
-
3001
Agriculture and forestry

Agriculture And Forestry is about the Land,Field,Medicine, and Cultivated Harvesting.

Contents

(ACCORDING TO THE FPSC)

  Part-I: Agriculture (50 marks)

  • I. Idea of Integrated Agriculture: Components of characteristic assets as bases farming creation (Land, Water, organic, Environmental, Solar, Energy).
  • II. Difficulties in Pakistan’s Agriculture: Present situation and future possibility Expository outline: issues and techniques for development of harvest the board domesticated animals the executives, fisheries, house industry, asset the executives, and advancement.
  • III. Components of Climate and their Relationship with Crop Growth: Farming System organic nitrogen obsession, soil profile, structure and surface, soil richness, soil disintegration and preservation, water logging, and saltiness.
  • IV. Hereditary Improvement for Crop Production: GMO crops, Seed creation
  • V. Cultivation: Floriculture, finishing, nuisances, and illnesses of horticulture crops a their control, incorporated vermin the executives.

Part-II Agriculture And Forestry (50 Marks)

  • I. Timberland, go grounds and untamed life significance and criticalness
  • II.Forest the executives and use, wood-based ventures in Pakistan, cilvi culture.
  • III. Range the executives and usage.
  1. National and universal timberland riches insights.
  2. Job of untamed life as worth expansion to ranger service.
  3. Woodland based natural life assets of Pakistan and their administration, eco-the travel industry
  • VII. Ranger service, agro ranger service, social ranger service, and timberland bio-measurements
  • VIII. Financial and biological effect of man-made timber lands.
  • IX. Watershed Management and job of backwoods in winning environmental change situation National woods laws and arrangements at the national level, biodiversity and condition

SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR THIS SUBJECT

S.No. Title Author
1.Shaping the Future of Water for AgricultureWorld Bank, USA
2.Participatory Rural Development in PakistanKhan, M. H
3.Agriculture in PakistanKhan M. H.
4.Economic Survey of Latest YearsKhan M. H.
5.Agric/Livestock/Machinery/Rural Developments
Census of Latest Years		Khan M. H.
6.Fundamentals of Soil ScienceHenry D. Foth
7.Manual of Plant ProductionAbdul Manan.
8.Principles of Field Crop ProductionMartin., J.H. & Leonard,
W.H.
9.Diseases of Field CropsDickson, J.G
10.Irrigation Principles & PracticesIsraelson, O.W.
Vaughn, E. Hansen.
11.A Text-Book of Plant PathologyA.V.S.S. Sambamurti
12.Breeding Field CropsPoehlman
13.The Principles of Agronomy.Harris, Franklin Stewart
14.Forest Types of PakistanChampion, H.G., S.K.
Seth and, G.M.Khattak
15.Manual of Silviculture for PakistanChampion, H.G., S.K.
Seth and G.M.Khattak
16.Trees of PakistanM.I. Sheikh
17.Range Management in PakistanM.A.A. Qureshi
18.Comprehensive ForestryB.A. Raza
19.Farm Forestry in Pakistan,M.A.A. Qureshi
20.Forest ManagementG.M. Khattak,
21.Wildlife Ecology, Conservation, and ManagementA. R. E. Sinclair, J. M.
Fryxell, G.Caughley
22.Basics of Forestry & Allied SciencesDr. Masood A.A.
Qureshi

Current Affairs (CSS And PMS Syllabus)

By
AQ Team (Hate War Love Peace)
-
3879
current Affairs (css paper)

Current Affairs (CSS And PMS Syllabus): Candidates are expected to show such public knowledge of history, politics and affairs, as deemed necessary to interpret current affairs.

List Of Important Content

(According to FPSC)

CURRENT AFFAIRS (COMPULSORY)
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

1.Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs (20 marks)

 1. Political
 2. Economic
 3. Social

2.Pakistan’s External Affairs (40 marks)

1. Pakistan’s relations with its Neighbors (India, China, Afghanistan, Russia)
 2. Pakistan’s relations with the Muslim World (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia,
      Turkey)
 3. Pakistan’s relations with the United States
 4. Pakistan’s relations with Regional and International Organizations (UN, SAARC,
     ECO, OIC, WTO, CW)

3.Global Issues (40 marks)

  • 1.  International Security
  •  2. International Political Economy
  •  3. Human Rights
  •  4. Environment: Global Warming, Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen Accord
  •  5. Population: world population trends, world population policies
  •  6. Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism
  •  7. Global Energy Politics
  •  8. Nuclear Proliferation and Nuclear Security
  •  9. Nuclear Politics in South Asia
  •  10. International Trade (Doha Development Round and Bali Package)
  •  11. Cooperation and Competition in the Arabian Sea, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
  •  12. Millennium Development Goals, Current Status,
  •  13. Globalization
  •  14. Middle East Crisis
  •  15. Kashmir Issue
  •  16. Palestine Issue

 SUGGESTED READING FOR Current Affairs (CSS Syllabus)

S.No. Title Author
1.Pakistan Foreign Policy 1947-2005: A
Concise History, 2011		Abdul Sattar,
2.The issue in Pakistan’s Economy, 2010Akbar S. Zaidi
3.Pakistan: A Hard Country, 2012Anatol Lieven
4.Government & Politics in South Asia, 6th ed.,
2009		Baxter, Malik, Kennedy &
Oberst,
5.Introduction to International Political
Economy, 2010		David Balaam & Bradford
Dillman
6.International Organization (Second Edition)
2012		Volker Rittberger, Bernhard
Zangl and Andress Kruck
7.The Age of Deception: Nuclear Diplomacy in
Treacherous Times (2011)		Mohamed ElBaradei
8.International Relations, 2012Joshua Goldstein
9.World Politics: Trends & Transformation,
2011		Kegley & Blanton
10.Pakistan Beyond the Crisis, 2011Maleeha Lodhi
11.Globalization in Question, 2009Paul Hirst
12.International Political Economy: Interests &
Institutions in the Global Economy, 2010		Thomas Oatley
13.Politics and Change in the Middle East, 10th
Ed., Pearson, 2012		Andersen, Seibert, and
Wagner
14.Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani
Bomb, (2012)		Feroz Khan

Aristotle’s Poetics theory of tragedy

By
AQ Team (Hate War Love Peace)
-
11081
Aristotle:Poetics-theory of tragedy

Aristotle’s Poetics theory of tragedy

Aristotle Life

The Greek word “Catharsis”, carries different meanings. It stands for purgation, purification and clarification. Aristotle has used the word only once. Aristotle’s Poetics theory of tragedy writes that the function of tragedy is to arouse the emotions of pity and fear, and in this way to effect the catharsis of emotions. The word has provoked much controversy among the critics, as what exactly the great critic (Aristotle) mean by it. The disagreements of the emotions of pity and fear gives pleasure either through purgation, or purification, or clarification. However, to reach a convincible conclusions a critical analysis of the above mentioned three possible theories is desirable.

Aristotle Famous writing

Regarding the purgation theory, it is held that catharsis is a medical metaphor. It denoting (indicate) a pathological effect on the social equivalent to the effect of medicines on the body. The tragic scenes and rights stir and excite pity and fear which later on expelled through the study of disease catharsis as an educative and controlling process. Therefore, catharsis implies purification of excessive, defective morbid (disease) emotions, and their reduction to intermediate state.

Aristotle Biography

It also implies that emotions are trained and directed towards the right objects at the right time. Accordingly, these who undergo this experience are made virtuous and good. Catharsis, in this sense, is kind of moral conditioning. Butchers holds similarly opinion when he observes that the tragic catharsis involves not only the idea of emotional releif but the further idea of purifying the emotions so relieved.

Theory of Tragedy

It also implies that emotions are trained and directed towards the right objects at the right time. Accordingly, these who undergo this experience are made virtuous and good. Catharsis, in this sense, is kind of moral conditioning. Butchers holds similarly opinion when he observes that the tragic catharsis involves not only the idea of emotional relief but the further idea of purifying the emotions.

Concept of Catharsis

Aristotle’s Poetics theory of tragedy

Short Stories In M.A Literature

By
AQ Team (Hate War Love Peace)
-
3401
Short Stories In Literature

SHORT STORIES; In this lesson, you’ll become familiar with the qualities of the short story and investigate some important models by American and European journalists.

short stories

Definition Of Short Stories In Literature

A short story ordinarily appears as a concise anecdotal work, normally written in exposition. The most punctual antecedents to the short story can be found in the oral narrating custom, just as scenes from old Mediterranean sagas, for example, ‘The Epic of Gilgamesh’ and Homer’s ‘Iliad.’

Tales, tales, fantasies, and anecdotes are for the most part instances of the oral narrating convention that assisted with molding the short story, for example, ‘The Painting of the Dog and His Reflection’ from ‘Aesop’s Fables’. Truth be told, ‘Aesop’s Fables,’ first gathered in the fourth century B.C., may have been the main treasury of short stories in Western writing.

After some time, types and authors all around the globe have affected the improvement of the short story. For instance, Norse legends, Irish numbers, and Gothic phantom stories have all assumed a significant job in coordinating the two its structure and topic. How about we investigate a portion of the significant attributes of the short story.

Qualities Of Short Stories

Length: Short stories ordinarily go from 1,600 to 20,000 words.

Despite the fact that creators and pundits have discussed the length of the short story all through artistic history, most concur on at least 1,600 and a limit of 20,000 words. In his own commitment to the discussion, Edgar Allen Poe recommended that a short story should take 30 minutes to two hours to peruse.

Subject: Short stories as a rule center around a solitary subject or topic.

Subjects or topics may run from something as ordinary as a day by day task or as exciting as an apparition story. A solitary, effortlessly contained plot is one of the signs of the short story and helps shape its different qualities.

‘In medias res’: Short stories generally occur in a solitary setting and start ‘in medias res’, which signifies ‘into the center of things’ in Latin.

When all is said in done, short stories will in general start and end unexpectedly, with practically zero earlier data and no significant passes in time. As they include only one plot line and are constrained in word length, there is little room or requirement for the all-inclusive improvements we as often as possible find in books.

Set number of characters: Due to the confinements of the class, short stories normally center around only one or two or three characters.

As short stories for the most part spread such concise time frames, even a solitary character may never be completely evolved. Be that as it may, authentic models, similar to some of Geoffrey Chaucer’s ‘Canterbury Tales,’ may discover fascinating methods of including a wide range of individuals, as we’ll examine straightaway.

Poetry Authors In Syllabus

  • Sara Suleri
  • Naguib Mahfuz
  • Allen Poe
  • Doris Lessing
  • Flannery O’Connor
  • Joyce
  • Nadine Gordimer
  • Kafka
  • Achebe
  • Okri
  • Hanif Qureshi
  • H. Lawrence
  • Trevor
  • Alice Walker
  • S. Pritchett
  • Brain Friel
  • E. Bates
  • Ali Mazuri
  • Amy Tan
  • Chekov
  • Braithwaite
  • S. Naipaul
  • Hemingway

Novel Authors In Syllabus

  • Nugugi
  • Solzhenitsyn

 

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